What characterizes an unofficial strike?

An unofficial strike is characterized by employees taking action without prior notification to their employer or management. This type of strike is not formally recognized as part of labor laws or agreements and may occur spontaneously based on workplace grievances or dissatisfaction. The nature of an unofficial strike means that the workers decide to stop working to express their demands or discontent without following the protocol that would typically involve prior notice.

The other scenarios involve formal processes or communication with management, making them inconsistent with the concept of an unofficial strike. Giving advance notice, voting in a secret ballot, or coordinating with management suggests a level of organization and formal procedure that contradicts the spontaneous and unplanned nature of an unofficial strike.