Which field research method is typically the most involved and time-consuming?

Focus groups are considered the most involved and time-consuming field research method due to their nature of gathering qualitative data from small groups of people. They require careful planning, recruitment of participants, and a facilitator to guide discussions effectively. Participants share their insights, opinions, and attitudes related to specific topics, which can lead to deep and rich qualitative data.

The process begins with identifying and recruiting a diverse group of participants to ensure a variety of perspectives. Scheduling and organizing logistics for the sessions also add to the time commitment. During the focus group discussions, a skilled moderator must manage the conversation, fostering an environment where participants feel comfortable sharing their thoughts. This interaction often leads to extensive data collection that requires detailed analysis afterward, further contributing to the time intensity of this method.

In contrast, the other methods mentioned are less involved. Observation can be time-consuming but doesn't require the same level of participant interaction or preparation. Surveys can gather data from many respondents quickly, and desk research entails reviewing existing information, making it much less time-intensive. Therefore, focus groups stand out as the most comprehensive and demanding approach among the listed options.