Which of the following best describes indirect discrimination?

Indirect discrimination occurs when a seemingly neutral policy or practice disproportionately affects individuals from a particular group, even though it does not explicitly target that group. This type of discrimination arises from specific requirements or criteria that, while applicable to everyone, create challenges or disadvantages for certain groups.

In this context, when a policy mandates, for example, a university degree for a job position, it might inadvertently exclude individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds who may not have had the same educational opportunities, even if the requirement was not intended to discriminate. The impact, rather than the intention of the policy, defines the indirect discrimination.

The other options reflect different forms of discrimination or related topics but don't align with the definition of indirect discrimination. They may address specific circumstances or methods of biased treatment but do not capture the essence of how indirect discrimination subtly manifests through general policies affecting particular groups negatively.